indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
inverted; upside down; reversed; back to front
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to run about; to rush about
now; the present time; just now; another; more
two persons; two people; pair; couple
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
meaning; significance; sense
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
feather; plume; wing; shuttlecock (in badminton)
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
desire; wish; request; entreaty; prayer; (written) application
to climb over; to get over; to surmount; to overcome; to surpass; to overtake
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
artificial product; man-made product; fiction; made-up story; decoration (e.g. for a festival); theatrical prop (esp. a large prop in noh or kyogen, e.g. tree, well, boat)
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
reality; actuality; hard fact