indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
honorific/polite/humble prefix
sleeping in late; oversleeping; late riser; sleepyhead
time; hour; period; class
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
omurice; fried rice wrapped in or topped with omelette
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
bento; Japanese box lunch
to be needed; to be wanted
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
don't you think?; indicates question
clique; group; (political) faction; wing; school; sect
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
company; lot; bunch; troupe; company (of musicians)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
mostly; nearly; practically; well-nigh; almost invariably; all but
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
friendly relations; social relations; social life
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
unnecessary; not needed; not necessary
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
deplorable; regrettable; disappointing; vexing; unfortunate
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to take; to carry (something) away; to bear
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
classroom; lecture room; department (in a university); class; lessons; school (for a particular discipline)
furnished with; including; attached to; impression; appearance; luck; sociality
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
easy; simple; there's no way that ...
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!