indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
citizen; citizenry; city inhabitant; townspeople; bourgeoisie; middle class
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
dying at one's post; being killed in the line of duty
as (for); for; in the capacity of
any more; any further; any better; any longer
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the more ... the more ...; as; (arch.) while; (arch.) during; (arch.) because; (arch.) since
splendid; fine; praiseworthy; creditable; legal; legitimate
one's last moment; one's death; one's end
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
honor; honour; credit; prestige
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
awareness of things around one; ability to understand what is going on around oneself; judgment; judgement; discretion
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
world; society; people; the public
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
good thing; nice thing; good excuse; good grounds; interjection used to impress an idea or to urge a response
wonderful; splendid; magnificent
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to praise highly; to sing the praises of; to applaud; to acclaim; to admire
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
understanding; comprehension; appreciation; sympathy