yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
tempering (metal); annealing; forging; toughening; disciplining; training
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
cruel; heartless; violent; intense; very bad; terrible
to be injured; to sustain a wound
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
than; from; out of; except; but; more
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
adds force or indicates command
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to hurt; to ache; to feel a pain; to be injured; to be spoiled (e.g. food); to be damaged
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
to greet; to call out (to); to invite; to get in touch (with); to cheer (on); to give vocal support (to)
please (give me); please (do for me)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
rock (in rock-paper-scissors); stone; ungh; gulp; rumbling (of an empty stomach); growling
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
pain; ache; soreness; damage; injury; wear
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...