indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
given the situation; now that it has come to this; if it comes to this
to be in a hurry; to be impatient; to be anxious (to do); to get a fright; to panic; to get flustered
at the critical moment; when the time comes; when it's most important; when necessary; in an emergency; when push comes to shove
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
copy; photocopy; blurb on a book jacket; catch copy
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
important; significant; precious; valuable; careful
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
site (usu. website); sight; payable on sight
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
to become confused (disconcerted, disorganized, disorganised); to be flustered; to panic; to hurry; to rush; to hasten
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
disreputable; scandalous; disgraceful
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
the other day; lately; recently
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
convenient; handy; useful
reality; actuality; hard fact
such; like that; that sort of; very
study; research; investigation
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged