lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
honorific/polite/humble prefix
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
indicates supposition; if ... then; when; (typically after someone's name) indicates exasperation
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
older brother; elder brother
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
failure; mistake; blunder
superior; excellent; brilliant; outstanding
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
family name; house name; family honour; family honor
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pollute; to contaminate; to soil; to disgrace; to dishonour; to dishonor
change; alteration; difference; distinction; something wrong; abnormality
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
weak; frail; delicate; tender; unskilled; weak (wine)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
Satan; the Devil; the Prince of Darkness; king of the demons who try to prevent people from doing good
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)