Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
email; mail (usu. in compound words); post; message (sent over a chat application); instant message; male
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
head (chief, director) of a section or department; head of a (school) club; head of a (school) team
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
untraceable; long lost; one's whereabouts being unknown
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
so much; so often; oh, yes!; that's it; that's right; quite
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to roll up; to enfold; to swallow up; to involve; to drag into
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
how about ...?; I wonder; I don't know
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
quadruped walking; walking on four legs
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
tackle (e.g. rugby); fishing tackle
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
birch (esp. Japanese white birch)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
tune; tone; vein; mood; condition; state of health