school festival; cultural festival; annual open day school event showcasing student talent
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
lush mountain; green mountain; grave; burial place
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to leak out (a secret); to be exposed (a lie, improper behaviour, etc.); to be found out; to get away (of fish)
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
holiday; day off; sleep; rest; Good night
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
adds force or indicates command
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to wound; to injure; to hurt someone's feelings (pride, etc.); to damage; to chip
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
debut; doing something for the first time; starting anew; starting afresh
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
to feel down; to feel sad; to be in a slump (business, economy, etc.); to be in an unfavourable condition; to fall into (e.g. a hole)