disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to be broken; to break; to fall through; to come to nothing
unreasonable; irrational; outrageous; absurd
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
society; the world; the times
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to catch up (with); to draw level; to pull even; to be compensated; to make up for one's losses
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to tear up; to tear off; to rip up; to separate (e.g. a couple); to disrupt (a relationship)
worn-out; ragged; crumbling; dry and crumbly; falling (in drops or clumps); scattering
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
anyhow; in any case; at any rate; at best; at most
futility; waste; uselessness; pointlessness; idleness
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
pain; ache; soreness; damage; injury; wear
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hit (e.g. one's head); to strike; to throw (e.g. a ball, a question, a demand); to express; to vent (e.g. one's anger)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding