now; the present time; just now; another; more
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
card (information, filing, etc.); card (greetings, congratulations, etc.); (Western) playing cards; credit card; debit card; match; game
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
direct; immediate; personal; firsthand
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
(sense of) presence; realism; ambiance
order (for an item); request; demand; condition
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
no; that's wrong; it's not like that; isn't it?; wasn't it?
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
sometimes; occasionally; at times; seasonal; of the season; appropriate (for the season or occasion)
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
with the exception of; excepting; excluding
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
to be overturned; to be reversed; to turn over; to fall down; to tumble down; to topple over
to feel nervous; to feel afraid; to be startled; to be surprised; (arch.) to be shy; (arch.) to be bashful
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to support; to prop; to sustain; to hold at bay; to stem; to check
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
suffix for familiar person
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
between-meal snack; mid-afternoon (around 3 o'clock) snack; afternoon refreshment; afternoon tea
double; twice (as much); times (as much); -fold; 1-nth; 1 to n
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
picture; drawing; painting; image (TV, film, etc.); picture; footage
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)