indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
to get dirty; to become dirty; to become sullied; to become corrupted; to lose one's chastity
to have (e.g. lunch); to take (e.g. vitamins)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
feather; plume; wing; shuttlecock (in badminton)
reading; reading (of a kanji, esp. kun reading); reading (e.g. of a situation); insight
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to fly; to soar; to jump; to leap; to spatter; to scatter; to hurry
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!
mark; target; object; subject; point (e.g. of argument)
painful; bitter; tough; difficult; cruel; harsh
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
thank you for your hard work; I appreciate your efforts
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
suffix for familiar person
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
biggest; greatest; largest; maximum
mental; spiritual; emotional
burden; load (e.g. CPU time, electricity, etc.)
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
(a) little; (a) few; slight; only; just; merely
to get rid of; to erase; to dispel; to eradicate; to wipe away