indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
without change; as is; just like; extremely similar; immediately; just after
after this; henceforth; henceforward; from now on
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to lose (money, etc.); to waste one's (time, etc.); to have one's efforts come to naught
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
discord; breaking up (e.g. friendship)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to have a reason; to have an excuse
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to have a limit; to go too far (e.g. joke)
entertainer (esp. boy band or girl group member) whose image is manufactured to cultivate a dedicated consumer fan following; Japanese idol; (cultural) icon; idol; idol (object of worship); image
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
soon; in a moment; nearby; close; direct; spot transaction
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
lesson; class work; teaching; instruction
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
pupil; student; schoolchild
diamond; (railway) schedule; timetable; diagram
(raw) ore; unpolished gemstone
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to see through; to see into (someone's heart, mind, etc.); to perceive; to find out; to detect
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
radio wave; reception; signal; saying strange things
leader; reader; reading book; reader (i.e. someone who reads); microreader; dotted line (in printing)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
elegance; grace; festal song (genre of the Shi Jing)
to leave alone; to leave as is; to ignore; to neglect
easy; simple; there's no way that ...
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up