hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
special; particular; extraordinary; exceptional; especial
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
preliminary test or trial; tryout
to act violently; to rage; to struggle; to be riotous
to turn up; to roll up (e.g. sleeves); to do over and over again; to do relentlessly; to stage a comeback (against) (in mahjong, horse racing, etc.); to come from behind
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
pity; sympathy; compassion; affection; love
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
together with; same; both; all; including ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
pulling up; drawing up; raising; increase; repatriation; evacuation
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
position in a game of go or shogi; state of the game; aspect of an affair; situation
undulation; winding; meandering; swell (of waves); surge; billow
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
model; dummy; model (profession); fashion model; model (of a vehicle, machine, etc.); version; model (e.g. mathematical)
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
allied forces; the Allies (e.g. in WWII)
chance; opportunity; machine; aircraft; counter for aircraft; counter for (remaining) lives
throwing in; inserting; investment; commitment (of funds, personnel, etc.); launching (a product into the market); introduction
state of the war; war situation
influence; effect; to influence; to affect; to have an influence on
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
highly unpredictable; touch and go
situation; (present) state of affairs; circumstances