indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
expedient; means; instrument; upaya (skillful means, methods of teaching)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
derby (horse race); Japan Derby; battle (for first place); competition; derby (match); local derby
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
left-wing (politics); left wing (of a bird, aircraft, formation, etc.); left flank; left field
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
thin; pale; light; watery; thin; weak (taste, etc.); little (affection, etc.) not much (of a presence)
adds force or indicates command
(common) soldier; rank and file; army; troops; warfare; strategy
even; even if; even though; because of; on the grounds that
to disdain; to look down on; to make light of; to hold in contempt; to scorn; to despise
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
disrespect; irreverence; impiety; blasphemy; profanity
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
Cnut the Great (ca 996-1035.11.12); Canute; Knute
your Highness; his Highness; her Highness
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be accompanied by; to be attended by; to take along (someone); to conquer; to subjugate; to subdue
returning alive; surviving; reaching the home plate
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
(not) ever; (not) by any means; (not) in the least; (not) in any way; (not) at all
war; battle; match; game; competition
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; motivation; intention
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be temperate in; to refrain; to make notes; to jot down (e.g. phone number); to be in preparation for; to be in waiting for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
repatriation; return; (electrical) feedback
principle; aim; purport; gist; instructions; orders
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward