more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
performance; take; game; season; penetrative vaginal sex (with a prostitute); unsimulated sex (in an adult movie)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
driver (of a vehicle); screwdriver; driver (golf); driver; device driver
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
selection; choice; picking out
training; drill; practice; discipline
to pile up; to heap up; to stack up; to repeat many times over; to go through repeatedly; to accumulate
elite; best; pick; cream of the crop
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
citizen; citizenry; city inhabitant; townspeople; bourgeoisie; middle class
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
adds force or indicates command
leaving a decision to someone else (often of a meal to be selected by the chef); omakase