indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
city centre (center) (esp. capital city); urban centre; heart of city a metropolis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
what the hell; oh, great!; son of a gun; holy mackerel; oh no!; holy cow!
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
there; over there; genitals; private parts; that far; that much
any more; any further; any better; any longer
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to scatter; to disseminate (e.g. a rumor); to spread (e.g. germs); to distribute widely (e.g. leaflets); to hand out freely; to spend recklessly
adds force or indicates command
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
anything and everything; just about everything
to snatch away; to dispossess; to steal
extinction; extinguishment; disappearance; annihilation
radio (communication); wireless; not using wires
far away; far off; far; long ago; long before
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to operate (e.g. a machine); to handle; to have a good command of (a language); to play proficiently (of a musical instrument); to work (a puppet); to pull the strings of a puppet
dangerous; risky; in danger; in jeopardy; uncertain; unreliable
older brother; elder brother; brother (as older-brother figure in friendly and or work relationship); young man; buddy
now; the present time; just now; another; more
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that