one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
cruise; navigation; sailing
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to become possible; to become able to (do)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
outside of; not covered by
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
terrestrial planet; telluric planet; rocky planet
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
Chinese "star" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); Singapore
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; the present time; just now; another; more
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to give one's name (as); to introduce oneself (as); to claim to be; to call oneself; to reveal oneself (as); to admit to being
alien (from another planet)
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
severe earthquake; violent tremor
ground; earth; the solid earth; the (vast) land
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...