indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
jūbako; multi-tiered food box; heavy; serious; extreme; -fold
maneuver (usu. of military force); manoeuvre; mobile; nimble; agile
mechanism; mechanics; machines; mechanic
Gouiran; Guillain; Guirand
temple; shrine; hall; company; (arch.) front room
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to start; to begin; to challenge; to pick (a fight); to set (traps); to plant (explosives)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
fight; fighting spirit; fight!; do your best
disadvantage; handicap; unfavorable position
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
order; command; decree; (software) instruction; statement
by means of; due to; because of; according to
drive; trip by car; to (go for a) drive; to go on a trip by car; to drive (e.g. a car); to drive (innovation, change, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
stoppage; coming to a stop; ceasing (movement, activity, etc.); suspension (of operations); suspension (of payment, licence, etc.); (temporary) prohibition
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
escape; break-out; prolapse; proptosis
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to recognise; to recognize; to know by sight; to become acquainted with
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
remaining; left-over; excess
catch; catching; catch; shop tout; puller-in; catching (in swimming and boating); catching the water
arm; automated retroactive minimal moderation; ARMM
good; fine; excellent; favorable; favourable; satisfactory