indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
to pile up; to accumulate; to estimate
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
yoo-hoo; halloo; hi-de-ho; howdy; hey
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
mid-January festival in northern Japan, with snow huts in which children play house; snow hut
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to go to see (something, someone); to visit
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to freeze; to be frozen over; to congeal
skating (esp. ice); skate; skates
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
adds force or indicates command
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to glide; to slide (e.g. on skis); to fail (an examination); to bomb (when telling a joke); to drop; to go down
image; figure; figure; form; image
lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
so; like this; in this way
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for