shadow; silhouette; reflection; image; ominous sign; light (stars, moon)
to step on; to tread on; to set foot on (e.g. foreign soil); to stand on; to experience; to undergo; to follow (rules, principles, etc.)
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
ogre; demon; spirit of a deceased person; ogre-like person (i.e. fierce, relentless, merciless, etc.); it (in a game of tag, hide-and-seek, etc.); Chinese "ghost" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); very
coming; going; being (somewhere); come; go; stay
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to come to like; to become fond of; to fall in love
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
answer; reply; response; answer; solution; result
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
time; season; period; phase; stage
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
eternity; perpetuity; permanence; immortality
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
society; the world; the times
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
(not) in any way; in no way; at all; terribly; awfully; hopelessly
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
certain; sure; definite; reliable; sound; solid
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
great (i.e. great-grandson, great-grandmother)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
father; dad; husband; you; he
to carry; to transport; to come; to go; to wield (a tool, etc.); to use
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
luggage; baggage; burden; payload (of a packet, cell, etc.)
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk