indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
study; research; investigation
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
dissection; autopsy; analysis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to desire; to wish for; to expect; to see; to command (a view of)
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to recognize; to recognise; to deem; to judge; to approve; to deem acceptable; to admit
to be sacrificed; to fall victim to; to fall prey to
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
substitute; replacement; stand-in; proxy; compensation; exchange
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
adds force or indicates command
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
older brother; elder brother
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
whim; caprice; whimsy; fickle; moody; uneven temper
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
soon; shortly; before long; nearly; almost
all of a sudden; suddenly; by chance; unexpectedly
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
here I am; I'm home!; presently; right away; right now
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
damn; damn it; feces; excrement; damn; damned; very
what's the best thing to do?; what to do?
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)