prefix for forming ordinal numbers
war; battle; match; game; competition
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
lush mountain; green mountain; grave; burial place
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
practice; practising; exercises; manoeuvres; seminar (student debates, presentations, etc.); practicum
examination; exam; test; trial; experiment; test
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to get entangled; to get tangled; to have poor control over (one's tongue, feet, etc.); to trip over; to become complicated
to sew; to stitch; to weave one's way (e.g. through a crowd)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
dangerous; risky; in danger; in jeopardy; uncertain; unreliable
to set free; to let go; to release; to miss (e.g. a chance); to lose; to let get away
adds force or indicates command
to open (e.g. doors); to open (e.g. business, etc.); to be empty; to be vacant; to be available; to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.); to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
to be caught; to be arrested; to hold on to; to grasp; to find (e.g. proof); to get (e.g. a taxi)
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
pinch; crisis; tough spot; clothespin
such; this sort of; like this
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
wooden figure; wooden doll; puppet; blockhead; good-for-nothing; fool
suffix appended to somebody else's family members
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
now; the present time; just now; another; more
green; greenery (esp. fresh verdure)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr