indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to be still half asleep; to be half awake; to be not yet quite awake
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
really; truly; indeed; good grief
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
stimulus; impetus; incentive; encouragement; motivation; provocation
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
space alien; alien; extraterrestrial being
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
remote region; frontier (district); border(land)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to lose one's way; to get lost
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to face; to go towards; to head towards
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
so much; so often; oh, yes!; that's it; that's right; quite
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
thanks; gratitude; manners; etiquette; bow; reward
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!