history of; experience of
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
treatment; service; handling (of a machine, tool, etc.); operation; treating as; treating like
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go around; to return; to surround; to concern (usu. of disputes)
holiness; sacredness; sanctity; dignity
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
(enter into, be in) a state of war
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
rushing into; breaking into; storming; plunging into (war, etc.); embarking on (a new venture)
do-or-die resistance; resistance to the bitter end
to recite; to chant; to cry; to yell; to advocate; to advance
reallocating private land to public use (e.g. parks, roads); reduction in the amount of private land following a land reallocation; reducing the area of private land to reallocate it to public uses
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
very young; little; childish; immature
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
war; fighting; fierce competition
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
futility; waste; uselessness; pointlessness; idleness
(lit.) blood flows; to have the blood of ... running in one's veins (artist, warrior, etc.); to be born with particular skills, characteristics, etc.; to have something "in one's blood"
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
will; volition; intention; intent; determination