older brother; elder brother; brother (as older-brother figure in friendly and or work relationship); young man; buddy
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
administration; governance; the authorities; authority
special ward; special economic zone (China); special administrative region of China (e.g. Hong Kong)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
cooperation; collaboration
while it may be true that; just because; nevertheless; not necessarily
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
crime; sin; penalty; sentence; fault; responsibility
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
Vermilion Bird (god said to rule over the southern heavens); seven mansions (Chinese constellations) of the southern heavens
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
aviation; flight; flying; to fly; to take a flight
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
order of chivalry; chivalric order
again; once more; a second time
to dive (into or under water); to get under; to get into; to hide oneself (esp. from the government); to conceal oneself
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
unnecessary; not needed; not necessary
search; lookup; hunt; (item of) research; exploration; investigation
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to stop; to abort; to discontinue; to close
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
adds force or indicates command
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be caught; to be arrested; to hold on to; to grasp; to find (e.g. proof); to get (e.g. a taxi)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!