black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
lizard; skink lizard (Scincidae spp.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
clique; group; (political) faction; wing; school; sect
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
body; group; party; gang; troupe; troop
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
just like that; in the twinkling of an eye; in the blink of an eye; (lit.) in the time it takes to say "ah!"
repulse; repelling (e.g. the enemy); driving back
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
bottle; jar; decanter; flagon; phial; vial
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to take out; to produce; to pick out; to fetch; to retrieve
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
here I am; I'm home!; presently; right away; right now
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
good; OK; all right; fine; very well; will do
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to help; to assist; to aid; to contribute to; to be a factor in
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber