teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
festival; feast; carnival
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
important; significant; precious; valuable; careful
heh heh heh; tee-hee; giggle
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
evening; night; dinner; evening meal; counter for nights
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
in that way; thus; so; so?
to gather; to collect; to assemble
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
near oneself; close to one; familiar
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to make an appearance; to show up
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to hand down (a story, legend, etc.); to pass on (to the next generation); to spread (a rumor, news, etc.); to circulate; to send word; to pass on (a message)
the eve (of a festival) (e.g. Christmas Eve)