to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
once; for a short time; briefly; (arch.) one morning
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
(another's) daughter; young lady (of pampered upbringing); woman who has never known hardship; naive woman
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
retainer; attendant; escort
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
because ...; for ...; the reason being ...; as for ...; when it comes to ...; regarding ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
in that way; thus; so; so?
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to protect (someone); to look after (e.g. an injured leg); to defend; to cover for; to stand up for; to stick up for
particularly; especially; indicates the number of horses or oxen drawing a carriage; indicates the number of oars on a boat; indicates the number of movies, plays, etc. comprising a single program; indicates the number of items or methods used
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
please (give me); please (do for me)
elder sister; effeminate man
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
obstinate; stubborn; headstrong
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")