indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be found; to be discovered
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
child; childish person; immature person
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
surroundings; environs; circumference
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
outrider (person riding horseback in the lead position of a cavalcade); outriding; harbinger; herald; anticipation
gravitational wave; gravity wave
detection; sense (e.g. sensor)
crystal; crystallization; crystallisation; fruits (of labor, union, etc.)
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
secrecy; highly classified information
maintenance; preservation; improvement
layer; stratum; class; stratum; sheaf; counter for stories (of a building)
formation; molding; making up; repair (e.g. plastic surgery); replacement; -plasty
moving (location, with the times, etc.); change; metastasis; spread; transition (e.g. phase transition); transfer (of learning)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at