to be due to; to be caused by; to depend on; to turn on; to be based on; to come from
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
how much; something over; and something; however (much); no matter how
to pile up; to heap up; to stack up; to repeat many times over; to go through repeatedly; to accumulate
imperfect; incomplete; faulty; defective
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
to be silent; to say nothing
futility; waste; uselessness; pointlessness; idleness
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
change; alteration; difference; distinction; something wrong; abnormality
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
to cease; to desist; to cut it out; to lay off (an activity); to drop (a subject) to abolish; to resign
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
the other day; lately; recently; meanwhile; in the meantime
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
abundant; plentiful; rich; wealthy; open (mind); relaxed
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
people (of a country); nation; citizen; national
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
one's own child; one's own children
parent; parents; dealer (in cards, mahjong, etc.); banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
as (for); for; in the capacity of
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
smallness; small item; short month (i.e. having fewer than 31 days); elementary school; smaller (of two things, places, etc. with the same name); inferior; younger (of two people with the same name)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
young man; young woman; young people; youth; youngsters
hard; solid; stiff; tight; strong; firm (not viscous or easily moved); safe
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
old person; elderly person; trustee of the Japan Sumo Association; retired high-ranking wrestler who is licensed to coach and receives retirement pay; senior statesman (of the Tokugawa shogunate); important local official (under the Tokugawa Shogunate)
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
thinking; thought; idea; notion; intention; plan
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt