that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
development; exploitation
robot; (mere) puppet; pawn; figurehead
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
general term; generic name
construction; establishment
engineering works; civil engineering; public works
field; sphere; realm; division; branch
diffusion; spread; popularization; promulgation; familiarization
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
rapid increase; proliferation; surge; explosion
Metropolitan Police Department (esp. Tokyo)
department; section; course (of study); branch of study; (taxonomical) family
rolling stock; railroad cars; wheeled vehicles
lesson; section (in an organization); division; counter for lessons and chapters (of a book)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
establishing; founding; setting up; organizing; establishment
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
opposition; rivalry; competition; antagonism
popular name; common name; nickname; alias
birth; creation; formation
than; from; out of; except; but; more
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
appropriate (e.g. authorities); concerned; relevant; said; aforementioned; competent
to continue (for a long time); to occur in succession; to come next (e.g. on TV)
feather; plume; wing; shuttlecock (in badminton)
line; stripe; line (e.g. telephone line); wire; ray (e.g. X-ray); beam; line (e.g. of a railroad)
Shōwa era (1926.12.25-1989.1.7); reminiscent of the Shōwa era; Shōwa- nostalgic; old-fashioned
Island; insula; island; islet
direction; district; area; field (e.g. of study); sphere; quarter
flight; desertion; escape
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
to repeat; to do something over again