ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to break; to snap; to be injured; to wear out; to be worn out; to break; to burst
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
have no choice; there is nothing but; no more than
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be scattered about; to disperse; to be littered (with)
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for