department; section; course (of study); branch of study; (taxonomical) family
palace; tonic (of the Japanese and Chinese pentatonic scale); ancient Chinese punishment (castration for men, or confinement for women); zodiacal sign
water's edge; beach; shore
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
repair work; renovation work; restoration work
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to abandon; to fail; to desert; to forsake
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
rescue mission; evacuation operation
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
within a company; in-house; within a shrine; shrine precincts
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
coincident with; while; simultaneously
moving forward (e.g. vehicle); onward movement; advance (work, procedure, etc.); advancement; progress (of a disease); disease progression
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to rescue from; to help out of; to save
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
I'm afraid to say; I'm sorry to say; unfortunately
too much; excessively; too
high-speed; rapid; express; highway; freeway; expressway
rescue; extricate; reclaim; deliverance
far from; anything but; not at all; let alone; to say nothing of; not to mention
chase; pursuit; tracking; following up; tracing
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
now; soon; already; yet; further; more