no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
of course; certainly; naturally
rumour; rumor; report; hearsay; gossip; common talk
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at that time; in those days
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
suffix for familiar person
light; well-lit; bright (of a colour); brightly-coloured; cheerful; bright; encouraging (for the future of a project, etc.)
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
gradually; by degrees; little by little; steps; stairs; staircase
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
seed leaves (of a dicot); cotyledons; bud; early stages; very beginning
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
shop; store; somebody who sells (something) or works as (something); somebody with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
deputy director; assistant director; vice director; deputy general manager; assistant general manager; vice (general) manager
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...