ring; playing field; stadium
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
corridor; hallway; passageway
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
after (practically) no time; immediately after; just; having no time to
biggest; greatest; largest; maximum
war; battle; match; game; competition
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
suffix for familiar person
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
understanding; comprehension; appreciation; sympathy
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
anyone; anybody; everyone; everybody; whoever
whole life; a lifetime; all through life; (the only, the greatest, etc.) of one's life
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
above ground; on the ground; earth's surface; this world; this earth
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
valuable; worthwhile; worthy; worth doing
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
frantic; frenetic; inevitable death; brinkmate (inevitable checkmate)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...