start; commencement; beginning; initiation
extermination (esp. pests); expulsion; destruction
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
district of a town; city block (of irregular size)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to play a leading role; to play a central part
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
No Entry; No Trespassing; No Admittance; off-limits; restricted; forbidden
limits; boundary; domain; area (e.g. in programming languages)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
establishment; creation; posing (a problem); options setting; preference settings; configuration
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
the same; the said; likewise
passing through (a tunnel, station, town, etc.); passing by (e.g. of a typhoon); passage (of a bill, e.g. through parliament); carriage; passing (an examination, inspection, etc.); clearing
suspension; stoppage; discontinuance; interruption
reopening; resumption; restarting
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
goal; target; aim; mark; sign; landmark
release; emission; ejection
gas (state of matter, e.g. poison gas, natural gas); gasoline; gas; dense fog; thick fog; gas stove
form; shape; state; condition; letter; correspondence
material; substance; matter
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
minus; negative (quantity); deficit; disadvantage; drawback; negative (ion, pole, growth, image, effect, etc.)
degree (angle, temperature, scale, etc.); counter for occurrences; strength (of glasses); glasses prescription; alcohol content (percentage); alcohol by volume; extent
fall; decline; lowering; deterioration; degradation
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; motivation; intention
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
don't you think?; indicates question