how; in what way; how about
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
flight (e.g. airline flight); trip (e.g. train trip); mail; post; opportunity; chance
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
autograph; signature; sign; signal; indication
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
in that way; thus; so; so?
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); squealer; rat; loser; asshole; counterfeit
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
each time; always; often; thank you for your continued patronage
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be effective; to take effect; to work; to function well; to be possible (to do, use, etc.); to be able to
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
blunder; bungle; clumsiness
to step on; to tread on; to set foot on (e.g. foreign soil); to stand on; to experience; to undergo; to follow (rules, principles, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
what did you just say (to me)?; what's that?
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to be silent; to say nothing
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
unskillful; poor; awkward; imprudent; untactful
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for