jpdb beta

again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and

7

to make sound (of an animal); to call; to cry; to make a meld call (e.g. pung, kong)

4

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

51

to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do

6

indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very

27

yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof

10

(a) little; somewhat; somehow

1

gradually; by degrees; little by little; steps; stairs; staircase

1

cry (esp. animal); roar; chirp; tweet; bark; whine

1

to grow up; to become an adult; to become big; to grow in size

1

(I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); (I) fancy (that)

1

the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...

19

that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that

1

now that you mention it; come to think of it; that reminds me; on that subject; speaking of which

1

to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding

4

now; soon; already; yet; further; more

2

swing; shake; appearance; behaviour; pretence (pretense); show; going to restaurant, hotel etc. without a reservation or introduction

1

shadow; silhouette; reflection; image; ominous sign; light (stars, moon)

2

to hit; to strike; to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.); to move; to impress

1

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

82

thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality

8

existence; being

1

and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...

2

I; me; you; manservant

3

too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as

36

father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy

1

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

62

to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)

6

(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion

1

perhaps; maybe; perchance; by some chance; by any chance

1

inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)

2

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

67

another; one more; not quite; not very good; lacking

1

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

50

to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for

1

may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly

1

right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?

13

that kind of; of the sort; of the kind; such

2

person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others

5

world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign

2

the unthinkable

2

to be

3

don't you think?; indicates question

3

discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude

1

meeting (face-to-face); seeing; visit; interview

1

people; (all) persons; you (usu. plural); various

1

to arrive

1

appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style

3

but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that

1

I see; that's right; indeed

2