indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
all; whole; entire; complete (set); in total
transfer; redirection; transmission; forwarding (telephone call, e-mail, etc.)
completion; conclusion; perfect (tense, form, aspect)
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
(face) mask; (facial) features; looks; mask (e.g. for circuit etching)
drawing up (e.g. legal document, contract, will, etc.); preparing; writing; framing; making; producing
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
just now; a moment ago; this very minute
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be born again; to make a fresh start in life
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
being in charge (of an area of responsibility); being responsible (for a work role, etc.)
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
core; core; hardcore; all-out
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
as one would expect; just as you'd expect (from); just like (someone)
wonderful; splendid; magnificent
power of recovery; ability to recuperate; resilience
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
How do you do?; I am glad to meet you
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
well; properly; best regards; please remember me; just like ...; as though one were ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?