indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
master (of a house, shop, etc.); husband; sir; boss; patron of a mistress, geisha, bar or nightclub hostess; sugar daddy
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to pour drinks for each other; to drink together
flavor; flavour; charm; appeal; experience; taste (e.g. of victory)
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
already; now; no longer; not any more
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
the other world; the next world; the world beyond; world after death
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to come down; to go down; to hang; to dangle; to move back; to step back; to deteriorate
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
adds force or indicates command
close (e.g. friend); familiar; familiar (e.g. story); well-known (to one); close (relatives); closely related
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
quickly; calmly; intently
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
how; in what way; how about