mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
what time; (lit.) which hour
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information
father; dad; husband; you; he
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
shape; form; appearance; state; situation; suitable
honorific/polite/humble prefix
father-in-law; foster father; stepfather
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
really; truly; indeed; good grief
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
myself; yourself; I; me; you
with; by; because of; on account of; on (a day, date); at (a time); adds emphasis to preceding word
old person; elderly person; trustee of the Japan Sumo Association; retired high-ranking wrestler who is licensed to coach and receives retirement pay; senior statesman (of the Tokugawa shogunate); important local official (under the Tokugawa Shogunate)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
kiss; squeak (as in the sound made by mice); sound of liquid being sucked up
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
telephone call; phone call; telephone (device); phone
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hello (e.g. on phone); excuse me! (when calling out to someone)
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you