indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
few; a little; scarce; insufficient; seldom
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
because; the reason is; if you want to know why
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
another person; other people; unrelated person (i.e. not related by blood); outsider; stranger
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
already; now; no longer; not any more
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
living thing; organism; creature; biology
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
friendship; fellowship; camaraderie
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
it cannot be that...; it is highly unlikely that...; it is impossible that...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
somehow; for some reason or other
hi!; yo!; hey man!; hey dude!
ramen; Chinese-style noodles
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
disquieting; threatening; turbulent; restless; unsettled; disturbing
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to feel; to sense; to experience
now; the present time; just now; another; more
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
two persons; two people; pair; couple
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
to follow around; to shadow; to tag along; to haunt one (e.g. feeling, failure); to follow one
worst; horrible; horrid; in the worst case; if worst comes to worst