indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign
tool; implement; means; furniture
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); squealer; rat; loser; asshole; counterfeit
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
head (of a household); proprietor (of a store); proprietress; (arch.) entertaining someone as one's guest
anything and everything; just about everything
to lose (something); to mislay; to get rid of; to eliminate; to remove
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
the end; the extremity; the limit; the limits; the result
somehow; for some reason; without knowing why
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
sweet-tasting; sweet; fragrant (smelling); sweet (music); lightly salted; light in salt; naive
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
being out of time; passing the deadline; time-out
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
promptly; immediately; quickly; indifferently
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to be in time (for); to serve (suit, meet) the purpose; to be good enough; to be enough
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
bomb; alcohol with liquor added (esp. wine-based shōchū highball, also beer with whiskey)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
emergency stop; emergency shutdown; scram (nuclear reactor)
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
to be effective; to take effect; to work; to function well; to be possible (to do, use, etc.); to be able to
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn