indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
to bark; to howl; to howl (e.g. of the wind); to roar; to yell; to cry
figure; design; twill weave; pattern of diagonal stripes; style (of writing); figure (of speech); design
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
understood; I see; OK; present; here
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
primary school; elementary school; grade school
life; living; I; me; student
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
(school) subject; curriculum; course; item; heading; entry
physical education; PE; gym (class)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
disliked; hated; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination
first of all; at once; right away; for now; for the time being
lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit
worth; merit; value; good point; redeeming feature; saving grace
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
family structure; family composition; family makeup
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to act violently; to rage; to struggle; to be riotous
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
flapping; rattling (sound); noisily; commotion; kerfuffle
noisy; loud; annoying; troublesome; fussy; finicky
adds force or indicates command
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station