suffix for familiar person
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
trouble; problem; mess; difficulty; nuisance
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
good; OK; all right; fine; very well; will do
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
shop; store; somebody who sells (something) or works as (something); somebody with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
painful; difficult; distressing; (psychologically) difficult; straitened (circumstances); tight (financial situation)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
endurance; patience; perseverance; self-control; self-restraint
now; soon; already; yet; further; more