wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
suffix for familiar person
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
athletic meet (esp. at school); sports day
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
loveable; very likeable; like very much
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
primary school; elementary school; grade school
life; living; I; me; student
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
educational visit (e.g. by a class); educational field trip
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
one by one; each; every; at intervals of
public facilities; utilities
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
understood; I see; OK; present; here