this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
sometimes; at intervals; occasionally; on occasion; from time to time
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to shine; to glitter; to sparkle
to touch; to feel; to get involved (with); to approach; to be harmful to; to hinder
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
shadow; silhouette; reflection; image; ominous sign; light (stars, moon)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
don't you think?; indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
substance; real form; main part; main unit; this machine; this appliance; object of worship (at a shrine, temple, etc.)
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to create; to bring forth; to invent; to think up and bring into being; to give birth to; to bear
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
two persons; two people; pair; couple
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such