the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
box; case; car (of a train, etc.); shamisen case; shamisen; public building; community building
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
observation; survey; watching
superior (in rank); top; higher order (e.g. byte); host computer (of connected device)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
truth; reality; truly; really; absolute truth
ordinary person; member of the general public; non-celebrity
head; brains; intellect; understanding
sample; example; specimen; display model (e.g. plastic food models used by restaurants)
introduction; bringing in; leading in; installation
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
toy; (person or thing treated as a) plaything
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
mind; spirit; attitude; mentality; spirit (of a matter); essence
collapse; crumbling; breaking down; (radioactive) decay; disintegration
to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
handicraft; work; construction; maneuvering; manoeuvering
to give (time, money, goods); to donate; to do; to perform; to apply (processing, makeup, etc.); to add (e.g. ornamentation, annotation)
missing (of a person); lost; unaccounted for; whereabouts unknown
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
literally; to the letter; literal
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
technology; engineering; technique; skill; art; craft
to use; to make use of; to utilize; to utilise
parallelism; running parallel (to, with); running concurrently; occurring at the same time; not reaching an agreement (e.g. of a debate)
to step over; to step across; to stride over; to stretch over; to span; to bridge
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
even; (if) only; just; besides; on top of that