indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hospitalization; hospitalisation
by the way; incidentally; sometimes; occasionally; precisely (at that time); exactly
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
ball; sphere; bead (of sweat, dew, etc.); drop; ball (in sports); pile (of noodles, etc.); bullet
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it,...; I mean
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
honorific/polite/humble prefix
mouth; opening; hole; mouth (of a bottle); spout; gate; door
lonely; lonesome; solitary; desolate
lightly rolling (of a small and round thing); pleasant, high-pitched sound (e.g. bell, young woman's laughter); changing frequently (e.g. conversation, plans); (occurring) in rapid succession (e.g. sumo wrestlers being defeated); roly-poly; chirp chirp (sound of insects); ribbit ribbit (sound of frogs)
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
position (where one is standing); place where one stands; position; stance; standpoint
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
carefree; comfortable; at ease; easygoing; happy-go-lucky
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to negotiate (with someone about); to talk over (something with); to tackle someone (about); to throw on each other; to splash (water) on each other; to pour on each other
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
feeling; sense; impression
alone; by oneself; on one's own