previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
welcome party for new students
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
live (esp. concert, show, etc.); live performance; alive
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
until then; till then; to that extent; the end of it; all there is to it
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
amount necessary to fill a container (e.g. cupful, spoonful, etc.); drink (usu. alcoholic); full; one squid, octopus, crab, etc.; one boat; fully; to capacity
name; given name; first name
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
to force; to compel; to coerce; to press; to impose
composition; piece of music; tune; melody; enjoyment; fun
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
myself; yourself; I; me; you
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
to sing; to sing (one's praises in a poem, etc.); to compose a poem; to recite a poem
perhaps; probably; generous; many; much
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
six; sixth (interval, chord)